Article 81(1) EC then gives examples of "hard core" restrictive practices such as price fixing or maket sharing and 81 (2) EC confirms that any agreements are automatically void. However, just like the Statute of Monopolies 1623, Article 81 (3) EC creates exemptions, if the collusion is for distributional or technological innovation, gives consumers a "fair share" of the benefit and does not include unreasonable restraints ( or disproportionate, in ECJ terminology) that risk elimination competition anywhere.
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