In 622 BC, an ancient law book, the nucleus of the present book of Deuteronomy, was found in the Temple in the course of restoration work. It became the basis of a wide-ranging religious reform (2 Kgs 22, 1-23, 27). Unfortunately, the promising reform collapsed with Josiah's unexpected death in 609 BC (2 Kgs 23, 28-30). Judah was again reduced to a vassal state, first under Egypt and then, after Nebuchadnezzar defeated Egypt at the battle of Carchemish ( in northern Syria) in 605 BC, under Babylon.
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